Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Consumer Behavior When Purchasing A Car Marketing Essay
Consumer Behavior When Purchasing A Car Marketing Essay Imagine you are a consumer who is about to purchase a car. You may imagine it to be any consumer (male or female, in full time employment or student, married or single, old or young, rich or poor, children or no children, etc) but be sure to clearly state the personal characteristics you imagine this particular consumer to have. It may also be useful at this point to establish whether you are able to gain information on your imaginary chosen consumer (from sources such as Mintel) so that you have credible sources from which to base your report on. Please note that this consumer need not be you! Your report is expected to describe and explain the characteristics that affect consumer behaviour and outline the consumer decision-making process as it relates to purchasing a car for this consumer. You should also discuss the relevance of the decision-making process to Marketers of cars in general and provide recommendations of how they can influence the stages of the decision-making process. Introduction The term consumer behavior includes the customers of specific goods and the people using the goods. It is usually used to refer to any human market behavior and use of products and services. Today, consumer behaviour is a multidisciplinary science that investigates not only the consumer decision-making process and the acquisition of product, but also the further activities of the consumer after the purchase of the product, such as using, evaluating and rejecting the product or service (Blackwell et al. 2001). In the present essay, the theory of consumer behavior and the consumer decision-making process will be examined together with the example of a 35 year old woman, married with one kid, living in a big city that wants to buy a car. The main features of consumer behavior To better understand consumer behavior, it should be taken into account the factors that most influence the decision-making process. These factor are the following: Consumer Behavior Incentives According to the definition given by Wilkie (1994) people buy and consume goods to satisfy their needs and desires. It could be said that consumer behavior is a behavior motivated to meet specific goals, needs and desires. In most cases though not all of the consumer behavior, people buy and consume goods as a means to satisfy some of the needs material and sometimes emotional. It should be noted that consumers motives are not always obvious to third parties and as a result the use of theories and conduct of researches are necessary for better understanding of consumer behavior. In the present example, the woman wants a car to go to work, pick up kids from school and go to super-market. These are her stated needs. The car marketer should find out the emotional needs of the particular customer. A part of consumer behavior derives purely from functional motives), such as when someone buys bricks to build a house, buys a car to satisfy transportation needs while another part of his/her behavior is stimulated by selfexpressive motives (Wilkie, 1994:), as when someone buys a gift for to thank a family member or buy a car to satisfy his prestige needs. Blackwell et al.(2001),in contrast with this position argue that the needs of consumers should not be divided into two major categories, but in subcategories that should include and explain better the different consumer needs. Some of these needs are the physiological needs, the need for health and safety (as it is the case of the car safe travels), love and companionship, the need of financial resources, the need for pleasure, the need for the creation of the social image of the individual (buying a specific car brand to enhance personal prestige), the need of possessing (everybody has a car) and the need of information (Blackwe ll et al. 2001:233-245). At this point it should be mentioned that most consumer behaviors wish to fulfill more than one target or needs, thus not only talking about one motive, but about a group of motives which motivates consumer behavior. In the present example, the groups of motives are transportation, social image and possession needs. In addition, while some motives may be visible to consumers and third parties, others may be more difficult to determine, for example when the decisions that should be taken are more complex and closely linked to the feelings of the consumer. The activities of consumer behavior The act of consuming cannot be addressed unilaterally. It should be taken into account the thoughts, feelings, plans, decisions, markets and experiences accumulated by the act of consumption. Certainly, a researcher of purchasing behavior who focuses on the act of consumption and does not consider it globally, may omit other equally important activities (advertising, opinions of others, collection of information, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, type of payment, product use, etc.) that are contained within it and they are equally important. These activities can be distinguished into deliberate and coincidental. For example, the activity of the decision of buying a product can be described in most cases as a deliberate consumer behavior as it is the case of the car where the consumer has to plan in advance the car purchase. On the other hand, when a consumer visits a store to buy a specific product in mind, s/he sees a multitude of other goods and not a few times he can buy some of these without having a plan. Such consumer behavior may be classified as impulsive. This differentiation is particularly useful to researchers of consumer behavior and advertisers, who understand the mechanisms of behavior more comprehensively (Wilkie: 1994). The process of consumer behavior The concept of process which includes various activity stages is a very useful approach to better understand consumer behavior. This process has three stages. The first stage of the activities of pro- buying could include the actions to select the product which is followed by the second stage of purchase of the product and finally the third stage of the after-purchase, which includes actions such as the depreciation of the product. The activities before buying the car could be search at auto-magazines, advertisement exposure etc., whereas at the third stage there could be activities like the evaluation of technical service etc. The treatment of consumer behavior as a process, stresses the importance of the stages that precede and follow the one of the purchase (Wilkie 1994:17), and gives guidelines to analyze the reason why a consumer makes specific purchases. Diversification of consumer behavior Two elements that could differentiate the consumer behavior of the individual are the the time and complexity of the decision. Time refers to when the decision is taken and the duration of the completion of the process. Complexity refers, in turn, to the number of activities involved in making a decision but also to the difficulty of this decision. Buying a car is a complex decision since it involves product and price comparison, ways of payment etc. Since it is a complex decision it is also time consuming. Relating these two concepts, it is understood that the more complex a decision is, the more time is needed for the decision. It is understandable that the more complex a decision is the greater will be the activities of the pre-purchase. In the present case, the activities could be talking to friends, look at car magazines, go to car exhibitions etc. Many times, however, the consumer to avoid a possible delay, which may lead to a not so profitable market s/he has not seen offers for the product so s/he acts with less detail than he could. In other words, s/he tries to simplify the decision-making process in the following ways (Wilkie:1994): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The consumer is not always looking for the best purchase, but for a good acceptable purchase. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ S/he is driven by information, advice and recommendations of third parties. The opinion of friends and family can play a significant role in the car buying decision. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ S/he trusts brands and stores purchased in the past and has remained satisfied with them. The salesman should check the previous brands purchased by the customer. Several times, the process of satisfying needs, is confronted with the simplification of the decision making process. As for example, the purchase of a relatively cheap product which should have the required by the consumer quality standards. Many consumers face such dilemmas, maintaining an agility on the purchasing process, therefore they can take advantage of these situations. Roles and Consumer Behavior A consumer in the decision process and after having made the decision,may have more than one roles, for example s/he can be the person that affects the final decision of the purchaser or user (influencer). S/he could be practicing these three roles at the same time as when shopping alone or when shopping only for himself. Consumer behavior, may influenced by others, so the role of the individual who affects the final decision may be played by people of the individuals wider social environment a friend / the family or otherwise it could be the salesman. In the present example this woman could be influenced by her husband in her decision. Moreover the role of the user in many cases could not be the purchaser and / or influencer, but a third person who will use the product purchased. It is understandable, that the possible combinations of these three roles could be outnumbered by those already mentioned, depending on the consumer, the external environment but also his personality. The woman, for example, may be influenced by her husband but she has her own personality thus she may choose the car brand that is more suitable to her. The roles of consumers mentioned above are born through social interactions. Very few purchases are made driven solely by the ego consciously or subconsciously peoples decisions take always into account their social circle. It is also important to note that the roles change during the lifetime of the consumer. For example, a child rarely can be an influencer and even more rarely buyer. The purchases of a childless young man usually involve himself, and a consumer with children buys largely for his family and certainly is influenced by the needs of other family members as it is the case in the present example. Extrinsic factors and Consumer Behavior It is a fact that the consumer is influenced by his/her environment, a fact that highlights the ability to adapt to different circumstances, depending always on the needs that should be met. This exogenous influence impacts on the consumer decision-making process. These factors are: Culture refers to beliefs, values and opinions shared by members of the society where people live and has a catalytic effect on peoples behavior during their life by putting limits in peoples understanding on which products and services are acceptable. The subcultures, are groups of people who belong in the broader context of culture and share similar values and attitudes. A subculture could be working women with children Some examples are those of gender, ethnicity, race, age and religion. Also, the social class that someone belongs to is a factor that may influence consumer behavior (Pinson Jolibert: 1998). Like what is his/her job, income and education level that s/he has. One of the main factors affecting the purchasing behavior is the family. Especially in Mediterranean societies, where the family institution is still strong, people are influenced by consumer habits as children and later as adults. The social surroundings and the reference groups to which people belong is an equally important factor, since everyday conversations and contacts affect consumer habits. For example, if someone play sports, s/he will definitely be affected by the advice of his/her coach regarding his/her dietary habits and clothes preferences. The external conditions such as inflation and unemployment or an illness in the family are factors that will determine the amount to be spent to purchase a product and when it is best to purchase a specific commodity. The marketing environment in conjunction with the presence at mass media is an area that in recent decades has gained immense power of influence in todays consumer. For example, usually the ads aim to influence consumer for a particular product of a certain brand, while the factor culture does not suggest specific brands but more goods for consumption. As stated by Peter and Olson, (1998), culture influences consumer behavior, which in turn may enhance the formulation and development of culture. Conclusion In the present essay ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ  Î ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ †°Ãƒ  Î ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ à ƒà †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ  Î ¹Ãƒ †Î ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°Ãƒ „Π® ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ †Î à  Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ „Π±Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ  Î ¯Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ „à †°Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ †¦. ÃŽÅ ¸ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  Î ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ „ΠµÃƒ ʈ Ĉ „Π·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à ₠¬Ãƒ  Î à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ à ƒà †° à „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ data mining techniques ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ †¦Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ‚ à „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ „à Å ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „Î ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ  Î µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ „à  Î ± à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ à †¦Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  à †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ƒÎ µ ÃŽÂ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½  ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°Ãƒ „Π® à Œà „Î ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬Ãƒ  à ŒÎ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à ₠¬Ãƒ  Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ à ƒà „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Å’Ã ‚ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ †¦. ÃŽÂ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ  Î ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±, ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à ₠¬Ãƒ  Î à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ „ΠµÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ® à „Î ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ · à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à ƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ µ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ à „Î ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ  Î µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „à  à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ à „à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  à Å ½Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ  Î µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¶ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ±Ãƒ Æ’Ã „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ® ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±. ÃŽÅ ¸ à  à ŒÎ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ †Î ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ·Ãƒ ‚ à ƒÎ ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ Å’Ã ‚ ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ à Œà „Î ¹ à ƒà „Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ „à †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒ Å’Ã Æ’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Å’Ã ‚ ÃŽÂ ±Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ „Π¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ „Π¬Ãƒ Æ’Ã Æ’ÃŽÂ µÃƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à ƒà „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à †¦Ãƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  à †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ± ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ „Π¿Ãƒ  à  Î ± ÃŽÂ ¿Ãƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ Å’Ã „Πµ ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ †Î ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »Ãƒ †°Ãƒ „Π® à ƒà „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ‚ à ƒà †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ  Î ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬Ãƒ †°ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ‚. Baumeister, R.F. (2002), Yielding to temptation: self-control failure, impulsive purchasing and consumer behavior, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 28, March, pp. 670-676. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Beatty, S.E. and Ferrell, M.E. (1998), Impulse buying: modeling its precursors, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 74(2), pp. 169-191. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Blackwell, R.D, Miniard, P.W. and Engel, J.F. (2001), Consumer Behavior, Harcourt College Publishers, 9th Ed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Coley, A. and Burgess, B. (2003), Gender differences in cognitive and affective impulse buying, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 7, No.3, pp. 282-295. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ d Astous, A. (1990), An inquiry into the compulsive side of normal consumers, Journal of Consumer Policy, Vol. 13, pp. 15-31. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ de Rada, V.D. (1998), A single consumer or different types of consumer: an analysis of social types according to their consumer habits, British Food Journal, Vol. 100/7, pp. 326-336. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dittmar, H, Beattie, J. and Friese. S. (1995), Gender identity and material symbols: objects and decision considerations in impulse purchases, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 16, pp. 491-511. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dittmar, H, Beattie, J. and Friese. S. (1996), Objects, decision considerations and self-image in mens and womens impulse purchases, Acta Psychologica, Vol. 93, pp. 187-206. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dittmar, H. and Drury. J. (2000), Self-image is it in the bag? A qualitative comparison between ordinary and excessive consumers, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 21, pp. 109-142. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Firat, A.F. (1993), Postmodernity: a marketing age, Journal of Marketing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hausman, A. (2000), A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 17, No.5, pp. 403-419. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Luna, P. and Gupta, S.F. (2001), An intergrative framework for cross-cultural consumer behavior, International Marketing Review, Vol. 18, No.1, pp. 45-69. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Meehl, P.E. (1962), Schizotaxia, schizotypy and schizophrenia, American Psychologist, Vol. 7, pp. 827-838 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Miltenberger, R.G, Redlin, J, Crosby, R, Stickney, M, Mitchell, J, Wonderlich, S, Faber, R. and Smyth, J. (2003), Direct and retrospective assessment of factors contributing to compulsive buying, Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, pp. 1-9. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mullen, B. and J. Johnson, C. (1990), The psychology of consumer behavior, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pinson, C. and Jolibert, A. (1997), Consumer behavior: an overview of current approaches and issues, In European Perspectives on Consumer Behaviour, Edited by Lambkin, M, Foxall, G, Raaij F.V. and Heilbrunn, B, Prentice Hall Europe 1998. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Piron, F. (1991), Defining impulse purchasing, Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 18, pp. 509-513. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reed, A.II. (2002), Social identity as a useful perspective for self-conceptbased consumer research, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 19 (3), March, pp. 235-266. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rifkin, J (1996), ÃŽÂ ¤ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ à „Î Î »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ‚ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ  Î ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Æ’ÃŽÂ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ÃŽÂ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ »ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚: ÃŽÂ · ÃŽÂ ´Ãƒ  à ƒÎ · à „Î ¿Ãƒ †¦ à ₠¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒ Å’Ã Æ’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¦ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ  Î ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ „Π¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ´Ãƒ †¦ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ à „Î ¿ à †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ  Î ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± à „Î ·Ãƒ ‚ ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒ „Π¬ à „Î ·ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ³ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ¬ ÃŽÂ µÃƒ â‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ †¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ‚, ΑΠ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ®ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±: ÃŽÂ £Ãƒ  Î ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ  Î ±Ã‚ » Α.Α. ΆºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¬ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ · à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roberts, A.J. and Manolis, C. (2000), Baby boomers and busters: an exploratory investigation of attitudes toward marketing advertising and consumerism, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 17, pp. 481-499. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Roberts, A.J. and Mays, W.A. (2003), Generation Y has compulsive buying genes, source: www.applesforhealth.com/Mentalhealth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shoham, A. and Brencic, M. (2003), Compulsive buying behavior, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 20, No.2, pp. 127-138. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Solomon, M.R. (2002), Consumer behavior, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Statt, D.A. (1997), Understanding the consumer: a psychological approach, Houndmills: Macmillan Business. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Stern, H. (1962), The significance of impulse buying today, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 26, April, pp. 59-63. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Toffler, A. (1970), Future shock, Toronto: Bantam Books. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wicklund, R.A. and Gollwitzer, P.M. (1982), Symbolic self-completion, Hillsade, NJ: Erlbaum. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wilkie, W.L. (1994), Consumer behavior, New York: John Wiley Sons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Williams, T.G. (2002), Social class influences on purchase evaluation criteria, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 9, No.13, pp. 249-276. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Wood, M. (1998), Socio-economic status, delay of gratification and impulse buying, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 19, pp. 295-320. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Woodruffe, H. (1997), Compensatory consumption: why women go shopping when they are fed up and other stories, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 15/ 7, pp. 325-334.
Monday, January 20, 2020
A close Relationship with Nature :: essays research papers fc
A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE      Cold Mountain is a four hundred and forty-nine-page novel by the North Carolina author Charles Frazier. The novel takes place during the civil war but constirates more on the life lessons each character learns. Throughout the novel Charles Frazier takes each character through very different, yet very difficult journeys. Cold Mountain consists of two parallel journeys, eventually meeting up in the end.      Each one of Cold Mountains characters are all very conscious about nature and have learned to appreciate and even revolve daily routines around it.      Man is one major character that has been deeply effected by nature. He is able to understand the beauty of nature and trys to absorb as much as possible. He carries along his Bartram, a book filled of poems and stories all on the topic of nature. â€Å"He told her how it helped sustain him on his journey, how he had read it many a night by the firelight of a lonesome bivouac. Ada was unfamiliar with it, and Inman described it to her as a book concerned with its very part of the world and with everything that was important in it. He shared with her his view that the book stood nigh to holiness and was of such richness that one might dip into it at random and read only one sentence and yet is sure of finding instruction and delight (415).†This book helps Inman get through many tough times and finds the book to be very comforting and relaxing. Inman's journey back home from after leaving the hospital has made him a stronger person and more down to earth. Inman has seen nature as a positive and a negative thing on his journey. It has helped him get along and survive. Lending him a place to hide out from the cold and the home guards. â€Å"He went at a dead run to the line of trees and brush beyond the spring. He plunged in and then, hidden from sight, he worked his way around until he found a thick stand of twisted laurel situated to give him a view of the front of the house (311)†Nature has provided him with food, and even helped with its landmarks to give him a guideline of where he is and the direction he should be traveling to get back to Ada. Nature helped him understand his dreams and what he thought of such animals. A close Relationship with Nature :: essays research papers fc A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP WITH NATURE      Cold Mountain is a four hundred and forty-nine-page novel by the North Carolina author Charles Frazier. The novel takes place during the civil war but constirates more on the life lessons each character learns. Throughout the novel Charles Frazier takes each character through very different, yet very difficult journeys. Cold Mountain consists of two parallel journeys, eventually meeting up in the end.      Each one of Cold Mountains characters are all very conscious about nature and have learned to appreciate and even revolve daily routines around it.      Man is one major character that has been deeply effected by nature. He is able to understand the beauty of nature and trys to absorb as much as possible. He carries along his Bartram, a book filled of poems and stories all on the topic of nature. â€Å"He told her how it helped sustain him on his journey, how he had read it many a night by the firelight of a lonesome bivouac. Ada was unfamiliar with it, and Inman described it to her as a book concerned with its very part of the world and with everything that was important in it. He shared with her his view that the book stood nigh to holiness and was of such richness that one might dip into it at random and read only one sentence and yet is sure of finding instruction and delight (415).†This book helps Inman get through many tough times and finds the book to be very comforting and relaxing. Inman's journey back home from after leaving the hospital has made him a stronger person and more down to earth. Inman has seen nature as a positive and a negative thing on his journey. It has helped him get along and survive. Lending him a place to hide out from the cold and the home guards. â€Å"He went at a dead run to the line of trees and brush beyond the spring. He plunged in and then, hidden from sight, he worked his way around until he found a thick stand of twisted laurel situated to give him a view of the front of the house (311)†Nature has provided him with food, and even helped with its landmarks to give him a guideline of where he is and the direction he should be traveling to get back to Ada. Nature helped him understand his dreams and what he thought of such animals.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Store and Recover Information About Object Using Binary Serialization in C#
Report Store and Recover Information about Object Using Binary Serialization in C# What is Binary Serialization: Serialization is the process taking an object and converting it to a format which can be transported through net work or store into a storage medium, the storage medium could be file, database, or memory. The . NET Framework provides two types of serialization, XML serialization and Binary serialization. There are also three formats provided by the Microsoft . NET framework to which objects can be serialized. The formats are binary, SOAP, and XML.Binary serialization can either the binary or the SOAP formatter, are suitable for storing object Information in . NET applications, and you don’t need share the information with non-. NET programs. When I mention Binary serialization below I mean â€Å"Binary serialization†using binary formatter, as short expression. Why use Binary Serialization: The binary serialization working chart is: [pic] The chart also can p resent the other two format of serialization. so why we use Binary serialization instead of use the other two? What the advantage and disadvantage of binary serialization?The binary serialization is the most compact and light of the three formats and it is the fastest one of the three formats. Also the binary serialization can serialize all the state of the object, including type information. Therefore when the object is deserialized, you get an accurate and fully functional copy of the original, which xml will not It ignores private member fields and properties. The main limitation of using binary serialization is that binary serialization depends on platform, while XML and SOAP do not adhere to that limitation.Therefore only when all your applications which use serialization are . net framework applications, you can use binary serialization, otherwise uses other two formats instead. Using Binary Serialization in C#: The code to using Binary serialize is very simple. The step is: 1 ) create an instance of an BinaryFormatter class (using the interface iForamatter) 2) pass it an object and an open stream 3) iFormatter. Serialize methodwrites the object's state to the stream. Below I will show a very simple code to serialize an object call aPerson to a file.To make a class serializable we must mark it with the serializable attribute at before the class code The code is: [Serializable] public class Person then we need 2 namespaces for using serialization in our application: using System. Runtime. Serialization. Formatters. Binary; using System. Runtime. Serialization; then use the code below to Serialize: //create an instance of an BinaryFormatter class(IFormatter is a interface) IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); //create a stream Stream stream = new FileStream(â€Å"filename†, FileMode. Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare. None); //pass stream and object to the stream formatter. Serialize method for doing Serialization formatter. Serialize(stre am, aPerson); //finished close the stream stream. Close(); The deserialize just as simple as serialize, the code are: IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter(); Stream stream = new FileStream(â€Å"MyFile. dat†, FileMode. Open, FileAccess. Read, FileShare. Read); Person clone = (Person) formatter. Deserialize(stream); stream. Close(); Some Important not for Serialization: ? the constructors are not called when an object is deserialized. the Serializable attribute cannot be inherited. ? there are some Security issues of serialization you can visit The Security and Serialization (http://msdn. microsoft. com/library/? url=/library/en-us/cpguide/html/cpconsecurityserialization. asp)topic in the Framework Documentation further reading: This report just explains the very basic idea of Binary serialization for further study the following links will help. Serializing Objects: http://msdn. microsoft. com/library/default. asp? url=/library/en-us/cpguide/html/cpovrSerializingObjects. sp C# Object Serialization by Budi Kurniawan http://www. ondotnet. com/pub/a/dotnet/2002/08/26/serialization. html References: Serializing Objects: http://msdn. microsoft. com/library/default. asp? url=/library/en-us/cpguide/html/cpovrSerializingObjects. asp http://www. c-sharpcorner. com/Language/serializingObjectsinCS. asp â€â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Deserialization Binary Serialization network Deserialization Binary Serialization Copy of Your Object A File, Database or memory Storage medium Another Application Your object Your Application
Friday, January 3, 2020
The Impact Of Technology On The Classroom Essay - 1586 Words
From chalkboards, to overhead projectors, to calculators, and now to tablets and personal computers, the evolution of technology in education has reached an all-time high. Back to school shopping lists now require the purchase of various technologies and their accessories in place of the paper and pencils of past generations.. Technology is becoming crucial in society, it is to the point where people are hooked to their smartphones, unable to part with them even for just a hour long class. Can this addiction to technology be positively brought into the classroom? To what extent does technology become harmful to students’ educations? To answer these questions one must consider the benefits of technology, search for solutions to the minor drawbacks regarding educational technology, and find a perfect balance to assure success in the classroom. Before venturing into the discussion of whether or not technology is a useful tool in education, we must define what is meant by â€Å"informative technology†or â€Å"educational technology†. In the document â€Å"Will New Teachers Be Prepared To Teach in a Digital Age? A National Survey on Information Technology in Teacher Education†, written by David Moursund and Talbot Bielefeldt, â€Å"informative technology†is defined as â€Å"... computer hardware and software, the networks that tie computers together, and a host of devices that convert information (text, images, sounds, motion) into common digital formats. However, information technology is not justShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1571 Words  | 7 PagesTechnology in the school has become an increasingly challenging and somewhat disruptive aspect in today’s educational system. In order to maintain what is considered the status quo, schools have focused their e nergy and resources on banning cell phones, wireless Internet and blocking social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter in schools. However, as technology continues to grow in our society outside of the school, many believe that effectively involving these technologies into the classroomRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1277 Words  | 6 Pages Technology in Classroom Ali Boholaiga Kathrine Barrett ELI 084 Technology in Classroom Technology is all over our minds and concerns whether in regard to social impact, dependency or its use at educational institutions. It is currently the most debated issue in our modern society. Technology, it is believed, will become necessary for our survival in the future. It is the agent who will preserve the human race. The use of technology in classrooms is one example thatRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1313 Words  | 6 PagesTechnology in the Classroom In our progressive society, we are all aware of the development of technology and the effect it has had on daily lives. People use technology as a way to communicate with each other, a form of entertainment, or as a tool to give them instant information at all times. Technology has a significant influence on many different parts of society. Concerning education, certain electronic devices such as computers, smart boards, and tablets assist the learning process for studentsRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1601 Words  | 7 Pagespast decade, technology has transformed society and has changed many aspects of daily living. Presently, the world consists of quickly advancing technology and people competing all around the world to be considered the best. Many educators argue that the only way to continue to have control within the classroom and to have students be successful within the classroom is to properly integrate technology into the classroom. Currently, the p roblem in the education system is that technology is often difficultRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Classroom2298 Words  | 10 Pagesis technology in the classroom. Per the Merriam-Webster dictionary, technology is defined as â€Å"a manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes, methods, or knowledge.†. Technology in the classroom started way back in the early 1980’s. Classrooms are changing every day, with the never-ending improvements of technology. Technology today is playing a large role in students’ lives, from the elementary rooms, to full computer labs. Technology hasn’t always been the technology weRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom Essay3638 Words  | 15 Pagesand more advanced beings, has become interwoven with technology, as nearly all aspects of one’s life, whether it being at home, for leisure, at work, or in the educational sector- is entwined with elements of digitality. This notion leads one to see that the participation with technologies can be an essential aspect of one’s progression in this new contemporary society. The emergence and subsequent dominance of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in this digitally mediated world has led to theRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Classroom2018 Words  | 9 PagesThe Significance of Technology in My Classroom The impact on technology in the classroom has opened many new windows for educators. Technology can be used in various ways while working in a classroom, whether that be a first grade classroom or a class of juniors in high school. Technology can help our students widen their knowledge. When planning lessons, it is important that teachers incorporate some types of technology. When technology is used in your lessons, the students will be able to achieveRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Classroom1921 Words  | 8 PagesTechnology in the classroom is important for teachers, parents, and students alike, because technology use has become a necessary skill for survival in today’s vastly expanding technology driven global economy. Research has shown an increase in student’s success rates when exposed to technology in the classroom. Also technology has opened lines of communication between educators and parents to keep students on track, and help teachers educate better. Since children today have become digital natives;Read MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Classroom1323 Words  | 6 PagesUpon entering a classroom in the United States the room is typically full of desks and chairs in symmetrical rows, the teacher’s desk is stacked with resources, and a considerable amount of textbooks, papers, and posters are located around the room. Among these objects there may be one or two computers, in some instances smartboards, but overall the influence of technology in the classroom is limited. This scene is practically identical to every other classroom across the country. Although societyRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Classroom1332 Words  | 6 Pageswhich technology is being developed and is becoming a part of our everyday life. One of the largest arguments with the advancing technology is whether or not it’s good for teaching and learning purposes in the classroom. From email to online classes, computers are defiantly manipulating our lives, and can enhance learning in the classroom in various ways. The growing popularity of technology emphasizes the importance for students and administrators to support and encourage computer technology in our
Thursday, December 26, 2019
Gender Wage Gap By Susan B. Anthony - 875 Words
â€Å"I do not demand equal pay for any women save those who do equal work in value. Scorn to be coddled by your employers; make them understand that you are in their service as workers, not as women.†(Susan B. Anthony) Susan B. Anthony said this over a hundred years ago, when the woman’s suffrage movement was just beginning in the United States. Even after all this time, the gender wage gap is a still hot topic in the United States today. Popular stars and politicians including Kate Winslet, Jennifer Lawrence, and Hillary Clinton all have something to say about it. There is even a section of thewhitehouse.gov dedicated to discussing the gender wage gap which is the comparison of women s wages to men’s wages in the United States (â€Å"Equal Pay†). It is pretty common knowledge in the United States that women make 78 cents to a man’s dollar. However, it is not common knowledge that this is only comparing white women to white men (â€Å"The Simple Truth†). Women of color make even less than that, Latinas making the least, only 54 cents to a white man’s dollar. The Latina wage gap is largely ignored by the media because of the complicated politics of racial and gender based discrimination. The politics have a foundation in general gender based discrimination, which every woman faces, even if she is not fully aware of it. On average, women of every race make less than their male counterparts due to gender based discrimination. Much of this is due to the sexist undertones withinShow MoreRelatedWomen s Suffrage By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1582 Words  | 7 Pagesconsidered equal with the same opportunities as men. In the 1840’s the first women suffrage convention entitled Seneca Falls Convention took place some women thought that their view were too extreme. .Many women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and, Frances Willard created Women Suffrage groups. These women had different ideas of how they should go about becoming equal but all wanted the same outcome. â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton led the women rights movement†( Goodier p.145). Mrs. StantonRead MoreDuring the 19th century, America was going through an important transition. The nation was dealing1300 Words  | 6 PagesUnited States citizens. Gender inequity was also a vital reform issue. Women were fighting for suffrage and equal civil rights. Politically, the U.S. was suffering from a corrupted government and a weakened presidency. Economically, the U.S. was experiencing an economic boom with the growth of industrialization. However, this growth of wealth only benefited a lucky few. While rich businessmen were rapidly increasing their wealth, the poor were getting poorer. The wealth gap was drastically increasingRead MoreGender Should Not Be A Problem1737 Words  | 7 PagesGender Should Not be a Problem. It’s not a new problem. Women have been discriminated against for decades. This has and always will lead to a rift in the equality of women. It’s an unfair battle for equality, sure women have an amendmendment stating that all women have the right to vote , but it’s still not enough. That amendmendment only fixes half the problem. There’s still the problem of gender roles, the wage gap, and countless other problems stopping women from have the equality women haveRead MoreGender Should Not Be A Problem1737 Words  | 7 PagesGender Should Not be a Problem. It’s not a new problem. Women have been discriminated against for decades. This has and always will lead to a rift in the equality of women. It’s an unfair battle for equality, sure women have an amendmendment stating that all women have the right to vote , but it’s still not enough. That amendmendment only fixes half the problem. There’s still the problem of gender roles, the wage gap, and countless other problems stopping women from have the equality women haveRead MoreSusan B. Anthony And The Equal Pay Act1014 Words  | 5 PagesAll over the country, women are getting paid less than men and being told that it’s okay. It is not okay. Gender equality is something that has been a problem through the ages. Susan B. Anthony and many others fought for the right to vote which was granted in 1920. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act into law stating that no employer can discriminate based on gender. The American Association of University Women published a graph on Women’s Median Annual Earnings as a PercentageRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1269 Words  | 6 Pages The United States of America has consciously manipulated which gender is able to have full access to resources. On the rights spectrum, women have severely suffered because dating back before The Women’s Rights Movement, women were left with the burden of the responsibility of raising children and domestic duties. The idea of equality is critically rooted by rights, support, and opportunities therefore allowing any person to gain access to resources, however for some odd reason women were leftRead MoreGender Inequality Within The Workplace1323 Words  | 6 Pagespraised for freedom and equality. However, there is a notable area of inequality in the workforce: the gender pay gap. In the Unites States, a woman makes, on average, a mere 78 cents to the dollar earned by a man. This statistic has remained steady and has only seen a small 18 cent increase in the past few decades. A majority of the wage gap is due to unsound social biases. Because gender inequality in the wor kforce is fueled by complex factors such as biases, it requires a complex solutionRead MorePolicy Project : Women s Rights1603 Words  | 7 PagesPraxis M. Bays Sean Morrison U.S. Government, Class B 8 January 2016 Policy Project Part 1: Women’s Rights Policy Analysis History The first public demand for the Constitutional Amendment of women’s rights began before the Civil War, however, the Amendment for it has still not been ratified in the United States Constitution. The introduction for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) began in 1848 with the Woman’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls. Over three hundred women and men met and eventually agreedRead MoreFeminism Is Defined As The Belief That Men And Women Should Have Equal Rights1600 Words  | 7 Pageslanguage and framework of the Declaration of Independence; this document was a bill of rights for women, carefully identifying the areas of life where women were treated unjustly. Persistent feminist leaders in the 19th century, such as Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, fought society’s discrimination against women, leading to the Nineteenth Amendment: the women’s right to vote. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the second wave of feminism broadened the debate of women’s rights is sues, which included sexuality,Read MoreThe Gap Between Women And Men970 Words  | 4 PagesThe Gap Between Women and Men As a woman in the modern era it is hard to imagine the life of a women fifty years ago. The routine they followed then completely differs from that of today’s. A woman’s main purpose was to serve a man; unfortunately, sometimes this still holds to be true. Furthermore, women face numerous hurdles everyday compared to men in the workplace as well as in society. To this day it is still true that women must do more than men in order to succeed in todays society. From
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Race Reflection Paper - 725 Words
The color line was used in reference of segregation that existed after slavery ended. Many would say that Du Bois’ view on race still exists in today’s generation. I personally believe that race plays a major role in our daily lives. Over the past few years we have seen so many different actions that have taken place regarding race. In 1866, it was stated that the Jim Crow laws were declared unconstitutional, but in 2017 African Americans feel as if they still face the Jim Crow laws in different situations. Blacks continue to be treated differently, especially within the criminal justice system. Social inequality due to race is very real and it has a big affect on African Americans. The way that Blacks in society perceive each other,†¦show more content†¦It was said to me all throughout my college career how important it is to be a Black. As a Criminal Justice major with a minor in Sociology at Clark Atlanta University, the work and determination of W.E. B Dubois was installed in me and pushed me to strive and understand my culture more than ever before. W.E.B Dubois contributions to sociological theory such as civil rights, education and economic opportunities for people of color are strongly talked about at Clark Atlanta University. History is clearly repeating itself dealing with the way African Americans are perceived and treated. Even though there are several African Americans who know their worth, it can sometimes be hard to face challenges, such as inequality issues due to race in 2017. After hearing so many stories about our ancestors who fought for equality rights, who would ever thought that minorities would be still fighting in today’s generation all over again. In the 2016-2017 Presidential Election candidate now newly elected President Donald Trump states, â€Å"In the old days, protesters would be carried out on stretchers.†Hearing a person say something such as this, especially candidate who was running for president of the United States is very shocking and distasteful. In my opinion, I believe that the remarks Donald Trump, has really shown that the state of the American people has really changed in the last century and that we are still dealing with the same problems of racismShow MoreRelatedwhite privilege1595 Words  | 7 Pagesï » ¿ White Privilege: Reflection Paper Northeastern State University Abstract This paper is about my reflection of White Privilege in the United States. I got my information from four resources. The first resource was the handout provided for this assignment; White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack, by Peggy McIntosh. The second resource was the website, www.jstor.com. Access is provided via Northeastern State University as a resource for peer-reviewed articles. ThirdlyRead MoreGeorge Zimmerman - Reflection Paper819 Words  | 4 PagesReflection Paper Week 7 SOC2050: Race and Ethnicity Centenary College, Parsippany, NJ Maybe it’s my own opinion or because I’m always trying to be very careful about the way I refer to people but I was very taken aback by the way Professor Hutchinson categorized people as whites or blacks on his paper; referring to issues as being â€Å"white†problems was very odd to me. The way he also accused all whites as not caring for race and demeaning the â€Å"race card†was generalizing and assuming thatRead MoreEthics And Standards For Professional Psychology1264 Words  | 6 PagesLenz May 4, 2015 This paper addresses the complexity of spirituality and religion in a therapeutic setting. This paper includes examples and information regarding upholding the Ethics Code while using religion and spiritual reasoning in psychology. It addresses the issues of a multi-faith setting, information and research on omitting religion and spirituality as well as the importance of maintaining a bias view of any and all religious and spiritual values. This paper also identifies the benefitsRead MorePolice Officers That Encountered Juveniles While On Patrol908 Words  | 4 Pagesfactors play a major role in the reflection of juvenile’s taken into custody. The heaviest factor is the lack of respect towards law enforcement officer. These factors often lead officers to interpret juvenile behavior as criminal. Juveniles dress attire, hair and gender bias create a negative perception. The study addressed adolescent males encountering police while on the street in the commission of a crime. 2. Allen’s study doesn’t just focus on the defendant’s race or the offender’s status in societyRead MoreSyllabus1681 Words  | 7 Pages12:50 Office Hour: 8:00-9:00am Farrell Hall 111 E-mail: manjarra@cwu.edu Course Materials: Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 7th Edition by Richard T. Schaefer Course Description: Ethnic Studies is designed to bring awareness and understanding of the problems facing the American people in the area of race and ethnic relations, primarily focusing on ethnic minorities. Ethnic Studies will focus on the nature and scope of relationships betweenRead MoreLight in August by William Faulkner1034 Words  | 4 PagesAfrican Americans and eventually escalated to physical harm to demonstrate who held the power. Violence is a distinctive motif found reoccurring in themes of race. There is a double standard in which African Americans who are provoked by oppression are dangerous while whites who administer the violence are justified as being a protector. In my paper, I will first introduce examples of violence that were results of racial tensions in William Faulkner’s Light in August. I will discuss that the reasoningRead MoreCulture Diversity And Diversity1639 Words  | 7 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to examine the definitions of culture, diversity and multiculturalism as well as provide some insight into the current standings around these topics as a nation and within an urban public school system. First, definitions of culture, diversity, and multicultural perspectives will be presented. Followed by personal reflections on some current issues in public schools organizations culture and its impact. Prior to the conclusion, current reflection on the standing of theRead MoreReflection Paper On Culture And Structure1309 Words  | 6 PagesReflection Paper Culture and structure do contribute to or reinforce racial inequality. Cultural traits which are among others the common outlooks, method of behavior, values, etiquette and beliefs that emanate from patterns of intragroup relations in situations brought about by discrimination and segregation. These traits are a reflection of collective experiences in those situations. Racism has in the past been one of the most rampant cultural frames in in the United States. It has also beenRead MoreThe Rebellion Of The Jamaica847 Words  | 4 Pagesthe late 1860s. The committee published a series of reports entitled the Jamaica Papers, which illustrate Eyre’s responsibility in the rebellion, while capturing the social, cultural, and economic conditions of the island during the event. An analysis of official reports, pamphlets, and journal articles revel that ideas of race remained at the heart of the issue in regards to Morant Bay because the perception of race covered up the economic d isparities that blacks faced in colonial society. FurthermoreRead MoreDifferent Types Of Cultures When The Class First Began864 Words  | 4 PagesReflection Paper This paper stands to explore my initial perspective on different types of cultures when the class first began. It will include a detailed explanation of a couple of activities that not only challenged but impacted my perspective on culture, as well as how that perspective changed as a result of those activities. I also plan to talk about how my new understandings of these cultures can impact my future as far as thinking and behavior. And I will provide explanations as to how my new
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
17Th Century Poetry Essay Example For Students
17Th Century Poetry Essay The seventeenth century was a time of difficult changes and uncertainties. During these chaotic years many poets and philosophers expressed their thoughts and emotions through literature. This paper will briefly describe the seventeenth century and will include quotes and philosophies of poets such as John Donne, John Milton and Richard Lovelace. Life in the seventeenth century can be described as violent. After Queen Elizabeths death, James I, her successor created disorder when he wanted everyone to be Anglican. This soon led to the beheading of his successor, King Charles I. Throughout this century England saw many different rulers and seven civil wars. During the last half of the century, London survived an outbreak of a bubonic plague and a fire that destroyed a large part of the city. The recovery of these disasters started the rebuilding of the seventeenth century. This era was also a time of literature. Many poets expressed their feelings of the century on paper. For example, the metaphysical poet, John Donne, expresses his emotions in Sonnet 10. Hey says in this poem Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings and desperate men, and dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell. He is saying that when a person dies they die exposed to the poison, war and sickness of this time. Metaphysical poetry is characterized usually by its style rather than its content, and many metaphysical poets use metaphors, allusions and puns. They are also known to use a lot of intellectual writing and surprise the reader by making them notice something they never thought about before. Another poet of this time was John Milton. As a Puritan poet, his poems were characterized by writing about the hard times of life, but always expressing that one can live his life for God. This reflects how Puritans survived the seventeenth century by turning to their religion during the difficult times of their life. He expresses this best in his poem On His Blindness on lines 9-11. He states God doth not need Either mans work or His own gifts; who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. What he means by this is that he believes that God doesnt need mans work, but He wants men to live for Him. The third type of poetry during this era was Cavalier poetry. Richard Lovelace uses this style of writing. The cavalier style is very carefree and full of grace and charm. Lovelace reflected the era with the best attitude he could. For example he always looked at the better side of things, like in his poem To Althea, From Prison. If I have freedom in my love and in my soul am free, Angels alone, that sore above, enjoy such liberty. He wrote this while in prison about his love, and even though he was locked up he knew his soul was free and no one could stop him from loving. All these poets expressed the era they were living in in different styles, views, and attitudes. In conclusion, the seventeenth century impacted the poetry of John Donne, John Milton, and Richard Lovelace. The many changes and chaos also reflected the many styles of writings and ways these poets and many other people saw life.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)